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Phosphor Bronze Sheets, Rods, Bars & Components
Product Overview
Phosphor Bronze Sheets, Rods, Bars & Components offered by R V Metal Corporation are premium copper–tin–phosphorus alloys engineered for applications that demand a precise balance of strength, elasticity, corrosion resistance, and excellent wear properties. The controlled addition of phosphorus significantly improves fatigue resistance, spring characteristics, and machinability while maintaining good electrical and thermal conductivity. These attributes make phosphor bronze a preferred material for precision components, springs, electrical connectors, bushings, bearings, and marine hardware. Manufactured and supplied in strict compliance with international standards, our phosphor bronze products are available in multiple tempers, sizes, and finishes to meet the exact requirements of OEMs, fabricators, and industrial users across electrical, mechanical, automotive, and marine sectors.
Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Specification / Range |
|---|---|
| Product Forms | Sheets, Plates, Strips, Rods, Bars, Wires, Precision Components |
| Material Type | Phosphor Bronze (Copper–Tin–Phosphorus Alloy) |
| Manufacturing Process | Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled, Extruded, Drawn, Machined |
| Thickness (Sheets / Strips) | 0.05 mm to 50 mm |
| Width (Sheets / Strips) | Up to 1250 mm (custom widths available) |
| Diameter (Rods / Bars) | 3 mm to 300 mm |
| Length | Standard & Cut-to-Length as per customer requirement |
| Temper / Condition | Annealed (O), Half Hard (H02), Hard (H04), Extra Hard (H08), Spring Temper |
| Density | ≈ 8.8 g/cm³ |
| Surface Finish | Mill Finish, Bright Finish, Polished, Pickled |
| Dimensional Tolerance | As per ASTM / EN / IS standards or custom tolerances |
| Electrical Conductivity | 15–20% IACS (grade dependent) |
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent – suitable for marine & industrial environments |
| Machinability | Good to Excellent |
| Standards | ASTM, EN, BS, DIN, IS, JIS |
| Quality Certification | Mill Test Certificate (EN 10204 3.1), Third-Party Inspection on request |
| Typical Applications | Springs, Bearings, Bushings, Electrical Connectors, Switchgear, Marine Components |
Chemical Composition
| Element | Typical Composition (%) | Function / Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Copper (Cu) | Balance (94.0 – 99.5) | Base metal providing excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance |
| Tin (Sn) | 0.5 – 10.0 | Improves strength, wear resistance, and fatigue properties |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.01 – 0.35 | Acts as a deoxidizer; enhances hardness, spring properties, and wear resistance |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.10 | Residual element; may slightly improve strength |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 0.05 | Controlled impurity; generally kept very low for electrical applications |
| Zinc (Zn) | ≤ 0.20 | Residual element; not intentionally added |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤ 0.20 | Trace element; may improve corrosion resistance |
| Other Elements | ≤ 0.20 (total) | Includes impurities such as Mn, Si, etc., within specified limits |
UNS Codes & Grades
| UNS Code | Common Grade / Alloy | Tin (Sn) % | Phosphorus (P) % | Product Forms | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C51000 | Phosphor Bronze 5% | 4.2 – 5.8 | 0.03 – 0.35 | Sheets, Strips, Rods, Bars | High fatigue strength, excellent spring properties, good corrosion resistance |
| C52100 | Phosphor Bronze 8% | 7.5 – 8.5 | 0.03 – 0.35 | Sheets, Strips, Rods, Precision Components | Higher strength than C51000, superior wear and fatigue resistance |
| C52400 | Phosphor Bronze 10% | 9.5 – 10.5 | 0.01 – 0.35 | Rods, Bars, Bushings, Heavy-duty Components | Excellent hardness, wear resistance, suitable for heavy load applications |
| C54400 | Phosphor Bronze (Leaded) | 3.5 – 4.5 | 0.01 – 0.35 | Rods, Bars, Machined Parts | Improved machinability with good strength and corrosion resistance |
| C53400 | Phosphor Bronze Bearing Grade | 7.0 – 9.0 | 0.10 – 0.35 | Rods, Bars, Bearing Components | Excellent anti-friction properties and wear resistance |
| C51900 | Low Tin Phosphor Bronze | 5.0 – 6.0 | 0.01 – 0.35 | Sheets, Strips, Electrical Components | Balanced strength and conductivity for electrical applications |
Mechanical, Physical & Fabrication Properties
| Property Category | Property | Typical Values / Behaviour | Remarks for Engineering Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanical Properties | Tensile Strength | 350 – 750 MPa (temper & grade dependent) | Higher tin content and cold work significantly increase strength |
| Yield Strength | 200 – 550 MPa | Excellent elastic recovery, ideal for springs & connectors | |
| Elongation | 5 – 35% | Annealed grades offer superior formability | |
| Hardness | 80 – 220 HB | Wide hardness range allows both soft forming and wear applications | |
| Fatigue Resistance | Excellent | Key advantage over brass for cyclic load components | |
| Wear Resistance | Very Good to Excellent | Suitable for bearings, bushings, and sliding parts | |
| Physical Properties | Density | 8.7 – 8.9 g/cm³ | Comparable to other copper alloys |
| Melting Range | 930 – 1020 °C | Depends on tin and phosphorus content | |
| Electrical Conductivity | 10 – 20 % IACS | Lower than pure copper, but stable under stress | |
| Thermal Conductivity | 60 – 90 W/m·K | Good heat dissipation for electrical & mechanical parts | |
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent | Resists atmospheric, marine, and industrial corrosion | |
| Fabrication Properties | Machinability | Fair to Good (Excellent in leaded grades) | Leaded phosphor bronze preferred for precision machining |
| Formability | Good (Annealed condition) | Suitable for deep drawing, bending, and stamping | |
| Weldability | Fair | Preheating recommended; brazing preferred | |
| Brazing & Soldering | Excellent | Widely used in electrical and mechanical assemblies | |
| Cold Working | Excellent | Strength increases significantly with cold reduction | |
| Hot Working | Good | Typically performed between 600 – 750 °C |
Common Names & International Identifiers
| Category | Common Name | International Identifier | Description / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Names | Phosphor Bronze | CuSnP | Copper–Tin alloy with controlled phosphorus for strength and wear resistance |
| Tin Bronze | Cu–Sn Alloy | Generic term used globally for tin-based bronze alloys | |
| Spring Bronze | — | Used for high-elasticity spring and contact applications | |
| Bearing Bronze | — | Preferred for bushings, bearings, and wear components | |
| Electrical Bronze | — | Applied in electrical connectors and terminals | |
| High Fatigue Bronze | — | Known for excellent fatigue and stress resistance | |
| UNS / EN / IS Identifiers | UNS C51000 | CuSn5 | High-strength phosphor bronze for springs & strips |
| UNS C52100 | CuSn8 | Excellent wear resistance, widely used for bearings | |
| UNS C52400 | CuSn10 | Higher tin content for heavy-duty applications | |
| EN CW452K | CuSn8P | European standard phosphor bronze for strips & sheets | |
| EN CW453K | CuSn6P | Balanced strength and formability | |
| IS 3810 Grade PB1 / PB2 | CuSnP | Indian standard for phosphor bronze products | |
| Industry References | Marine Bronze | — | Used in marine fittings due to corrosion resistance |
| Precision Bronze | — | Used for precision machined components | |
| Connector Bronze | — | Preferred alloy for electrical & electronic connectors | |
| Wear-Resistant Bronze | — | Common name in heavy engineering and OEM sectors |
Standards & International Equivalents
| Country / Region | Standard | Grade / Designation | Equivalent Alloy | Product Forms Covered | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM B103 / B103M | C51000 | CuSn5 | Sheets, Strips, Plates | High fatigue strength, spring applications |
| ASTM B103 / B103M | C52100 | CuSn8 | Sheets, Strips | Excellent wear and corrosion resistance | |
| ASTM B139 / B139M | C51000 / C52100 | CuSn5 / CuSn8 | Rods, Bars | Used for machined and structural components | |
| ASTM B22 | C52400 | CuSn10 | Bars, Rods | Higher tin content for heavy-duty use | |
| Europe (EN) | EN 1652 | CW452K | CuSn8P | Sheets, Strips | Electrical & spring-grade phosphor bronze |
| EN 1652 | CW453K | CuSn6P | Sheets, Strips | Good balance of strength and formability | |
| EN 12164 | CW452K | CuSn8P | Rods, Bars | Machining and precision components | |
| EN 12167 | CW452K / CW453K | CuSnP Alloys | Profiles, Components | Extruded and forged products | |
| India | IS 3810 | PB1 | CuSn5P | Sheets, Strips | Spring and electrical applications |
| IS 3810 | PB2 | CuSn8P | Sheets, Rods, Bars | Bearing and wear-resistant parts | |
| IS 318 | — | Phosphor Bronze | General Copper Alloy Products | Base specification reference | |
| Germany | DIN 17662 | CuSn8 | CuSn8P | Sheets, Strips | High fatigue and corrosion resistance |
| DIN 17662 | CuSn6 | CuSn6P | Sheets | Forming and stamping operations | |
| DIN 17660 | CuSnP | Phosphor Bronze | Rods, Bars | Machined components | |
| International / ISO | ISO 1338 | CuSn5 / CuSn8 | Phosphor Bronze | Wrought Products | Global reference standard |
| ISO 431 | CuSnP | Phosphor Bronze | General Forms | International material equivalence |
Applications
| Industry / Sector | Product Form | Typical Applications | Key Performance Requirement | Why Phosphor Bronze is Used |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical & Electronics | Sheets, Strips | Electrical contacts, connectors, terminals, switch components | High conductivity, fatigue resistance | Excellent spring properties, good electrical conductivity, low contact wear |
| Spring Manufacturing | Sheets, Strips | Springs, clips, diaphragms, snap rings | High elastic limit, fatigue strength | Maintains strength and elasticity over repeated load cycles |
| Automotive | Rods, Bars, Components | Bushings, thrust washers, valve guides, electrical connectors | Wear resistance, dimensional stability | Low friction, excellent wear and corrosion resistance |
| Marine & Offshore | Bars, Rods, Components | Bearing shells, fasteners, pump parts, propeller components | Corrosion resistance in seawater | Superior resistance to saltwater corrosion and biofouling |
| Industrial Machinery | Bars, Rods | Gears, bearings, wear plates, sliding components | High load-bearing capacity | Excellent anti-galling and wear properties |
| Precision Engineering | Rods, Bars | Machined parts, precision shafts, custom components | Machinability, dimensional accuracy | Good machinability with tight tolerances |
| Aerospace | Sheets, Bars | Bushings, electrical contacts, sensor components | Reliability, fatigue performance | Stable mechanical properties under cyclic stress |
| Oil & Gas | Bars, Components | Valve parts, bushings, seals, non-sparking tools | Spark resistance, corrosion resistance | Non-sparking behavior and resistance to aggressive environments |
| Defense | Sheets, Bars, Components | Precision mechanical parts, electrical systems | Durability, long service life | Consistent performance in demanding conditions |
| General Engineering | All Forms | Custom fabricated components, fasteners, bushings | Versatility | Wide range of forms and grades suitable for multiple applications |
Common Phosphor Bronze Forms & Dimensions Chart
| Product Form | Typical Supply Condition | Standard Size Range (Typical) | Length / Sheet Size (Typical) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheets / Plates | Hot rolled / Cold rolled, Annealed / Tempered | Thickness: 0.30–50.0 mm | 1000×2000, 1220×2440, 1250×2500 mm (custom on request) | Plates generally ≥ 6 mm; sheets typically ≤ 6 mm (industry convention). |
| Strips / Coils | Cold rolled, Slit coils | Thickness: 0.05–3.00 mm • Width: 6–600 mm | Coil ID/OD as per customer / mill practice | Used for springs, contacts, connectors; tight thickness control available. |
| Rods (Round) | Extruded / Drawn, Straightened | Dia: 3–200 mm | Standard 3 m / 6 m • Cut lengths | For machining, bearings, bushes, precision components. |
| Bars (Flat) | Hot rolled / Extruded | Width: 10–250 mm • Thickness: 3–80 mm | Standard 3 m / 6 m • Cut lengths | For wear strips, electrical, fabrication, machined parts. |
| Bars (Square) | Extruded / Rolled | AF: 6–80 mm | Standard 3 m / 6 m | Preferred where anti-rotation / easy fixturing is required. |
| Bars (Hex) | Extruded | AF: 8–65 mm | Standard 3 m / 6 m | Ideal for fittings, fasteners, turned components. |
| Precision Components | Machined / Forged / As per drawing | As per customer drawing | As per customer requirement | Bushes, thrust washers, gears, spring parts, electrical parts, etc. |
| Thickness (mm) | Theoretical Weight (kg/m²) | Common Sheet Sizes (mm) | Weight per Sheet (Approx.) | Calculation Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.50 | 4.40 | 1000×2000 | ~ 8.80 kg | ρ (Phosphor Bronze) ≈ 8.8 g/cm³ → kg/m² ≈ 8.8 × t(mm) |
| 1.00 | 8.80 | 1220×2440 | ~ 26.20 kg | |
| 2.00 | 17.60 | 1000×2000 | ~ 35.20 kg | |
| 3.00 | 26.40 | 1250×2500 | ~ 82.50 kg | |
| 5.00 | 44.00 | 1000×2000 | ~ 88.00 kg | |
| 10.00 | 88.00 | 1220×2440 | ~ 262.40 kg |
| Section Type | Size | Area (mm²) | Theoretical Weight (kg/m) | Typical Supply Length | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Round Rod | Ø 10 mm | 78.54 | 0.69 | 3 m / 6 m | kg/m = Area × 0.0088 (for ρ≈8.8 g/cm³) |
| Round Rod | Ø 25 mm | 490.87 | 4.32 | 3 m / 6 m | Common for bushings & machined parts |
| Round Rod | Ø 50 mm | 1963.50 | 17.28 | 3 m / 6 m | Heavy machining stock |
| Square Bar | 10 × 10 mm | 100 | 0.88 | 3 m / 6 m | Easy fixturing / anti-rotation |
| Square Bar | 25 × 25 mm | 625 | 5.50 | 3 m / 6 m | General machining stock |
| Flat Bar | 25 × 6 mm | 150 | 1.32 | 3 m / 6 m | Wear strips / fabricated parts |
| Flat Bar | 50 × 10 mm | 500 | 4.40 | 3 m / 6 m | Structural / heavy fabrication |
| Hex Bar | AF 12 mm | 93.53 | 0.82 | 3 m / 6 m | Hex Area ≈ (3√3/8) × AF² |
| Hex Bar | AF 24 mm | 374.12 | 3.29 | 3 m / 6 m | For fittings, fasteners, turned parts |
NOTE (Theoretical Weight):
The weights shown above are calculated values for estimation and tendering. Actual weight can vary due to
alloy chemistry, temper, dimensional tolerances, surface finish, and mill production practice.
For project-critical BOQ, use measured weights or certified MTC/packing list.
Quick Formulas (ρ ≈ 8.8 g/cm³):
• Sheet/Plate: kg/m² ≈ 8.8 × thickness(mm)
• Rod/Bar: kg/m ≈ Area(mm²) × 0.0088
Quick Formulas (ρ ≈ 8.8 g/cm³):
• Sheet/Plate: kg/m² ≈ 8.8 × thickness(mm)
• Rod/Bar: kg/m ≈ Area(mm²) × 0.0088
